Effective Treatment of Thromboembolism and Thrombosis
Thrombolytic therapy is a conservative treatment for thromboembolism and thrombosis. During treatment, the thrombus is dissolved after the administration of special medications; in some cases, the thrombus is mechanically destroyed during catheter insertion.
Thrombolytic agents can be administered into the bloodstream and reach the thrombus via blood flow, but they can also be delivered directly to the site of the thrombus through a catheter.
Thrombolytic therapy
Indications for Thrombolytic Therapy:
- ischemic stroke (the most common pathology requiring thrombolytic therapy);
- pulmonary artery thrombosis;
- myocardial infarction;
- thrombosis of the large veins of the lower extremities;
- thromboembolism of peripheral arteries;
- dysfunction of a shunt or dialysis catheter due to blockage.
In a normal state, human blood coagulation protects against bleeding, but with an increase in coagulation factors, blood can form clots that accumulate in a vessel and block it. A thrombus may not completely occlude the lumen of the vessel and may localize against the wall. Fragments may detach from the thrombus and be carried away by the bloodstream. The stopping of a thrombus in an artery, leading to occlusion (thromboembolism), can result in impaired blood supply to vital organs, causing a thermal condition.
In emergency situations (stroke, thromboembolism of major arteries, etc.), the patient receives emergency care. If the patient's condition is stable, planned thrombolytic therapy is performed.
Examination Before Planned Thrombolytic Therapy:
- consultation with a specialist, medical history collection, examination;
- ultrasound examination;
- Doppler study;
- duplex scanning;
- CT angiography;
- MR angiography;
- angiography.
During the examination, the localization of the thrombus, its volume, pathogenesis, etc., are determined. During angiography, it is possible to administer thrombolytics directly to the site of the thrombus.
Thrombolytic therapy is a quite effective treatment for thromboembolisms, but it is indicated for "young", recently formed thrombi. In cases where the thrombus is of significant size and its detachment may provoke occlusion of a major artery, the treatment of choice is surgical intervention to remove the thrombus.
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