Professor David Schneiderhead of the oncological gynecology department and gynecology center
Cone Biopsy of the Cervix: Reasons for the Procedure
Cone biopsy of the cervix (PROCEDURE LLETZ) is a minimally invasive procedure aimed at diagnosing and, in some cases, removing a tumour in the cervix.
The procedure is performed if the results of the following tests indicate suspicion of a precancerous tumour:
- cervical smear (PAP SMEAR)
- colposcopy (microscopic examination)
- biopsy
During the cone biopsy of the cervix, tissue in the shape of a cone is removed (its size corresponds to the size of the affected area that needs to be excised). The removal of the tumour is performed in various ways, the most common of which is cone biopsy of the cervix using a metal loop through which an electric current is passed (diathermy). If the results of the cervical smear and biopsy do not provide a definitive answer, cone biopsy may serve as a means of more accurate diagnosis. Cone biopsy is performed in cases where it is important to preserve the patient's reproductive function; otherwise, a more extensive surgical intervention is carried out.
Cone Biopsy of the Cervix: Stages of the Procedure
Before the cone biopsy of the cervix, it is possible to stain the mucous membrane to determine how the tissues transition from one to another and to choose the minimal form of surgical intervention. The cone biopsy is performed vaginally, without cutting the abdomen, and a colposcope is used to obtain a clear image of the area being operated on.
Cone biopsy of the cervix is usually performed under local anesthesia. During the procedure, the surgeon removes a cone-shaped area from the cervix, with the apex directed towards the uterus and the base having a diameter of 2-3 cm towards the vagina. This cone of removed tissue is sent for analysis to the pathology institute, and the wound is sutured with self-dissolving thread. Often, before the procedure, vasopressin is injected into the cervix to constrict blood vessels and reduce bleeding.
Immediately after the procedure, the patient goes home, and within a month, she should be called back to determine further treatment based on the results of the cone biopsy. Generally, hospitalization is not necessary; in case of mild pain at the operated site, the patient may take prescribed painkillers for a few days after the procedure.
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