Kawasaki disease is a rare immune disorder characterized by inflammation of arteries of various sizes in children during their early years of life. The disease has a severe course and is accompanied by fever, rash, and inflammatory processes on mucous membranes and skin, as well as joints. Treatment is based on immunoglobulin therapy and the use of aspirin.
Causes
There is currently no consensus on the causes of the disease. The main theory suggests the presence of hereditary factors combined with bacterial infectious diseases (staphylococcus, streptococcus). The hereditary link is indicated by the fact that up to 10 percent of the descendants of affected individuals become ill.
Symptoms of Kawasaki Disease
The disease is registered in children up to eight years old. It most commonly occurs in children aged 9-11 months. Kawasaki disease has three phases: acute – lasting from 7 to 10 days, subacute – from 14 to 21 days, and recovery – from one month to 2 years. The disease begins with a rise in systemic temperature. The duration of fever without appropriate treatment can last up to two weeks. Over five weeks, skin manifestations may appear – diffuse elements – red spots. Skin lesions may occur with the formation of blisters and rashes. Skin manifestations are localized in the torso, groin, and lower extremities. The mucous membranes of the mouth and eyes are affected in the majority of patients. During the first seven days, conjunctivitis may develop. This disease causes lymph node enlargement in the neck area, often unilaterally. Arthritis manifests in about 35 percent of those affected.
Diagnosis of Kawasaki Disease in Israel
The diagnosis of the disease in Israel is based on the patient's symptom complex.
The presence of at least four of the following signs against a background of fever lasting at least five days allows for a diagnosis:
- conjunctivitis;
- polymorphous rash;
- oral mucosal lesions;
- changes in the palms and soles, accompanied by swelling and redness;
- enlargement of lymph nodes in the neck area.
Treatment of Kawasaki Disease in Israel
To prevent vascular changes, immunoglobulin injections are administered in Israel. If the effect is insufficient, repeated administration is performed. To reduce the risk of thrombosis, aspirin is used.
Prevention
Monitoring the child's health, especially if there is a hereditary predisposition, to prevent complications. Measures to prevent bacterial-type infectious diseases.