Epilepsy is classified as a chronic brain disease. This condition affects approximately one percent of the world's population. It is characterized by periodic seizures, convulsions, and changes in psycho-emotional state. The cause of such conditions lies in the increased activity of brain neurons, specifically in certain parts of the brain. These areas are commonly referred to as the epileptic focus. The basis of a seizure is the sudden activation of these cells, sending signals to muscles and organs to function. Neighboring brain cells can also become activated, which can affect the intensity of the seizure.
Causes
Epilepsy is a hereditary condition. Factors that increase the likelihood of developing epilepsy include:
- various brain injuries
- traumatic brain injuries
- infectious diseases of the brain
- birth injuries
- spasmophilia.
Symptoms of Epilepsy
Epilepsy does not always manifest with seizures described as a person falling to the ground, with clenched teeth and foam, accompanied by convulsions. Seizures can vary in nature and do not always involve convulsions. They can be triggered by rapid breathing, rhythmic music, or flashes of light. Warning signs of an epileptic seizure may include changes in mood or the onset of a headache. Very often, before a seizure, a child experiences an aura – a unique state where a person may sense a particular smell, hear music, or see images. Each patient has their own aura, allowing them to easily identify the pre-seizure state. Absences are also known – states of brief loss of consciousness. During these periods, a child may "disconnect" and remain motionless. The duration of such a state is several seconds.
Diagnosis of Epilepsy in Israel
To confirm the diagnosis in Israel, a child is scheduled for an electroencephalogram. This test can detect areas of increased activity. However, a diagnosis of epilepsy can only be made in the presence of symptoms characteristic of epilepsy.
Treatment of Epilepsy in Israel
For the treatment of epilepsy in Israel, an individual course of anticonvulsant medications is tailored. Treatment of epilepsy is very lengthy, and in some cases, it lasts a lifetime. Discontinuation of anticonvulsant medications is possible only after the absence of seizures for 3-5 years.
Prevention
Preventing seizures of epilepsy involves taking anticonvulsant medications, which can reduce their frequency and help prevent the psychological and intellectual degradation of the child.