Testicular cancer is a malignant condition affecting the testicles. It is a relatively rare oncological disease, accounting for only about 2 percent of all neoplasms in men. Primarily, men under the age of forty are susceptible to it.
Causes
Testicular cancer is often registered in cases of undescended testicles – cryptorchidism. Various forms of this pathology increase the risk of disease tenfold. Genetic factors play a significant role – the risk of tumor formation is higher in men whose close relatives have had similar conditions. Testicular cancer occurs five times more frequently in Europeans.
Symptoms of Testicular Cancer
The signs of the disease mainly consist of local symptoms and symptoms from metastases. Compression of nerve endings and enlargement of retroperitoneal lymph nodes can lead to back pain. Lymphedema may develop due to blockage of lymphatic pathways and the inferior vena cava. In cases of metastasis, there is a high likelihood of cough and shortness of breath. The tumor's impact on the ureters can cause conditions such as hydronephrosis and renal failure.
Diagnosis of Testicular Cancer in Israel
Diagnostic methods in Israel include examination, ultrasound, and testicular biopsy. During the examination, palpation of the scrotum is performed to identify neoplasms. To detect enlarged lymph nodes, palpation of the groin and supraclavicular area is conducted. An important step in determining the stage and prognosis of the disease is the assessment of serum markers. An increase in the number of markers is found in more than half of those with testicular cancer; however, normal levels do not necessarily indicate the absence of a tumor.
Treatment of Testicular Cancer in Israel
In cases of bilateral testicular involvement, organ-preserving surgical intervention is considered in Israel. After resection, patients are prescribed radiation therapy. Orchiectomy is the primary method of surgical treatment. In cases of insufficient testosterone levels or bilateral orchifuniculectomy, patients are prescribed hormone therapy. Cancer treatment can lead to infertility or impotence. For this reason, prior to upcoming surgery, consultation with an andrologist, assessment of testosterone levels, sperm analysis, and if necessary, sperm cryopreservation are essential.
Prevention
Timely treatment of cryptorchidism, prevention of scrotal injuries, regular examinations.