The cuff consists of four muscles and tendons that cover the humeral head - its upper part. The cuff stabilizes the humerus and allows for rotational movements of the arm. The most common injury to the cuff occurs in the supraspinatus muscle.
Causes
The majority of cuff injuries occur due to muscle overexertion. Damage can happen with frequently repeated overhead movements. This is why such injuries are common among athletes – volleyball players, tennis players, weightlifters. Cuff injuries often accompany fractures or dislocations of the shoulder. People over the age of forty are more likely to sustain such injuries. In younger individuals, tears usually occur as a result of significant trauma.
Symptoms of Rotator Cuff Injury
Rotator cuff injuries are characterized by the following symptoms – thinning of the shoulder muscles, pain when raising or lowering the limb, muscle weakness, and cracking during shoulder rotation. At the moment of injury, a person feels sharp pain, hears a click, and experiences weakness in the injured arm. Symptoms may progressively worsen with periodically repeated overhead movements. Pain may also be felt at rest.
Diagnosis of Rotator Cuff Injury
Diagnosis in Israel is based on the analysis of symptoms and laboratory tests. The doctor examines the shoulder for deformities, increased sensitivity, and instability of the shoulder joint. To rule out pain due to nerve impingement, the doctor may examine the neck. To confirm a tear, it is advisable to conduct an MRI or ultrasound study due to their high informativeness. An MRI can not only determine the location of the injury but also assess the size of the tear.
Treatment of Rotator Cuff Injury
In Israel, the doctor may choose conservative treatment or surgical intervention. Conservative treatment involves mandatory rest, limitation of movement in the affected arm, the use of a brace, taking anti-inflammatory medications, steroids, and engaging in general strengthening exercises. If the treatment does not yield the expected results or if greater strength is required for overhead movements (sports, professional activities) – a decision is made regarding surgical intervention. The surgery may be performed on an outpatient basis, depending on the extent of the injury.
Prevention
A healthy shoulder joint is impossible without a strong and elastic cuff. To prevent cuff injuries, it is essential to strengthen the rotator muscles of the shoulder girdle.