Disorders of the kidney's excretory function, with the accumulation of toxins in the bloodstream, are referred to as kidney failure, occurring in a chronic form (CKD). CKD is diagnosed when there are functional impairments of the kidneys over an extended period.
Causes
The causes of CKD can include:
- damage to the glomerular apparatus of the kidneys;
- kidney damage caused by diseases such as: diabetes mellitus, gout, malaria, viral hepatitis, vasculitis, hypertension;
- chronic pyelonephritis;
- urolithiasis;
- kidney cysts;
- developmental anomalies of the kidneys.
Symptoms of Chronic Kidney Failure
The initial course of the disease is poorly expressed in symptoms, so its identification is only possible through diagnostics. Early symptoms may include weakness and fatigue. Important symptoms of CKD include nocturnal enuresis, a large volume of urine output (polyuria), and dehydration. As the disease progresses, symptoms expand as many organs become involved. Nausea, vomiting, and various skin manifestations are recorded. Patients report dry mouth, weakness, diarrhea, shortness of breath, chest pain, and hypertension. In later stages, cardiac asthma, confusion, and decreased immunity appear.
CKD can occur against the background of liver damage. Clinical or laboratory signs of kidney impairment are absent in this case.
Factors such as poisoning, trauma, and pregnancy can influence the development of CKD.
Diagnosis of Chronic Kidney Failure in Israel
Laboratory tests confirm decreased hemoglobin levels and accelerated ESR. Biochemical analyses indicate an increase in nitrogenous waste in the blood. To determine the excretory function of the kidneys in Israel, the Reberg-Toreev test is conducted. Instrumental methods include ultrasound examination of the urinary system, performing kidney biopsy (which allows determining the degree of tissue damage), and fluoroscopy. A nephrologist, ophthalmologist, and neurologist participate in the examination.
Treatment of Chronic Kidney Failure in Israel
An important and necessary stage in the treatment of CKD in Israel is hemodialysis – extrahepatic blood purification. It allows for the removal of toxins from the blood and normalization of electrolyte balance. Peritoneal dialysis is also practiced, by placing a catheter in the abdominal area through which a dialysis solution will flow, allowing for the purification of the patient's blood. This procedure can later be performed independently. A crucial aspect of treatment is diet. It should be as balanced as possible and contain a limited amount of protein and phosphorus.
Prevention
Timely diagnosis and treatment of diseases leading to CKD.