Sexually transmitted infections (STIs) are diseases that a person can contract through sexual contact. Diseases that are transmitted sexually are referred to as venereal diseases.
Causes
The diseases are caused by microbial (syphilis and gonorrhea), protozoan (trichomoniasis), and viral infections (herpes, AIDS, hepatitis types B and C). The mucous membranes of the mouth, genitals, and anus provide a favorable environment for microorganisms – the pathogens. The disease begins precisely in the part of the body where contact occurred. The main cause of STI transmission is a low level of sexual culture, indiscriminate sexual relations, lack of protective contraceptives during sexual intercourse, and ignoring regular visits to a doctor in the presence of casual contacts.
Different types of STIs have various symptoms, but there are some common signs of all infections. These include discomfort, swelling and redness of the genitals, abnormal discharge in appearance and smell, itching, burning, and pain during urination, the formation of sores and ulcers on the body and mucous membranes, and in some cases – inflammation of the lymph nodes. Advanced-stage syphilis is accompanied by headaches, fever, pain in the bone tissues, hair loss, loss of appetite, inflammation of the meninges, and the spread of rashes and ulcerative formations in the throat and mouth. Syphilis can lead to paralysis, heart function abnormalities, and serious mental disorders.
Diagnosis of Sexually Transmitted Diseases in Israel
To diagnose a sexually transmitted infectious disease, a sample of epithelial cells is taken from the vagina, urethra, or cervical canal. Laboratory methods for detecting and identifying viruses used in Israel include ELISA, PCR, and cytomorphological methods.
Treatment of Sexually Transmitted Diseases in Israel
For the treatment of diseases caused by viral infections transmitted through sexual contact, a wide range of antiviral and antibiotic medications are used in Israel. The most complex treatment is required when two venereal diseases occur simultaneously. It is important not to self-medicate to avoid chronicizing the disease. The combination of trichomoniasis with gonorrhea can lead to abscesses of the ovaries, uterus, appendages, or prostate gland in men. Such complications are treated through surgical intervention.
Prevention
Prevention of STIs involves abstaining from sexual contact or engaging in sexual relations only with one healthy partner, and using condoms during any form of intercourse. If a risky contact has occurred, the genital area should be treated with special solutions or a doctor should be consulted.