In chronic inflammation of the salivary and lacrimal glands, which may be associated with autoimmune diseases, Sjögren's syndrome is discussed. It belongs to the group of collagen diseases.
Causes
The causes of the disease are not yet fully known. Factors considered to play a role in the development of the syndrome include infections, viruses, vitamin A deficiency, heredity, and endocrine disorders. Scientists suggest an autoimmune nature of Sjögren's syndrome, as it is often accompanied by collagen diseases, and patients show the presence of LE cells and rheumatoid antibodies to thyroglobulin.
Symptoms of Sjögren's Syndrome
The disease affects the lacrimal glands – patients have virtually no tears, leading to keratoconjunctivitis (disorders in the cornea). Hyperemia of the conjunctiva, atrophic changes in the lacrimal glands, and hypertrophy of the papillae are also recorded. The course of the disease is characterized by a slow onset and chronic progression. Another main symptom is xerostomia. In the early stages of the disease, the salivary glands produce a small amount of saliva with a dark brown tint. As the disease progresses, saliva is completely absent. Patients report dryness in the mouth and pain while chewing. The mucous membranes of the upper respiratory tract are dry, leading to frequent illnesses such as rhinitis and pharyngitis. As the syndrome progresses, atrophy and dryness of the genital organs are observed. The disease can also affect the skin, resulting in atrophy of the sweat and secretory glands.
Diagnosis of Sjögren's Syndrome in Israel
The diagnosis in Israel is made based on the symptom complex and laboratory-instrumental studies.
The examination strategy in this case looks like this:
- study of the secretory activity of the salivary glands
- cytological analysis of saliva
- radiosalography
- saliva analysis using radiometry
- gland scanning
- radiogram of the glands
- ophthalmological examination.
Treatment of Sjögren's Syndrome in Israel
Treatment in Israel is conducted using drug therapy. Corticosteroids, vasodilators, and vitamin complexes are prescribed for this purpose. Methylcellulose, steroids, and artificial tears are also instilled. Additional measures in treatment include galvanocauterization of the tear points and radiotherapy.
Prevention
Early diagnosis and properly selected treatment can help avoid complications associated with the onset of other autoimmune diseases. It is necessary to prevent infectious diseases and periodically undergo a complete medical examination.