Airway scleroma is a chronic inflammation of the mucous membranes of the airways due to infection, characterized by the formation of heterogeneous infiltrates in the spaces between the folds of the larynx, nasal sinuses, ear, oral cavity, and conjunctiva.
Causes
The causes of scleroma formation are not entirely clear; however, most doctors in Israel believe that the causative agent of this disease is the Welch-Pearson bacillus.
Symptoms of Airway Scleroma
In the first stage of the disease (the onset of infiltrates) – respiratory functions are normal, dryness in the airways is observed, dry cough, thick mucous discharge from the nose, nasal congestion. In the second, specific stage, the patient's breathing is severely impaired, dryness of the upper airways, dry cough with difficult expectoration of crusts, an unpleasant odor from the nose, and the voice becomes hoarse. In the third, scar or regressive stage, the person suffering from scleroma experiences serious difficulties in breathing through both the nose and larynx, weakness, loses work capacity, and coughing causes pain when expelling purulent mucous sputum and tearing off dry crusts.
Diagnosis of Airway Scleroma
in Israel
Specialists in Israel determine the diagnosis of airway scleroma based on information about symptoms, endoscopy of all areas (rhinoscopy of the nose, microlaryngoscopy of the ear, pharyngoscopy of the larynx, bronchoscopy). In complex diagnostic cases, endoscopic biopsy is performed. Histological examination of the biopsy sample and blood reaction for Bordet-Jang are conducted. As an additional study, computed tomography and fluoroscopy may be performed. Patients with scleroma must undergo outpatient treatment and, if necessary, undergo repeated courses of medication.
Treatment of Airway Scleroma
in Israel
Currently, the treatment of airway scleroma in Israel includes etiological and anti-inflammatory therapy. Local radiotherapy is also effectively used, which completely resolves granulomas at early stages of the disease and prevents their scarring. In severe and advanced cases, a surgical method for treating scleroma is used, where granulomas and scar tissues are excised. Timely detection of the disease and informing the at-risk population about the disease can serve as prevention.